Trawniki-Manner

gamaschkow id card 1892



gamaschkow id card 2893


Pawel Gamaschow - Trawniki ID Card


The SS established during July 1941, in the village of Trawniki, approximately 25 kilometres south-east of Lublin, under the jurisdiction of SSPF Odilo Globocnik, an SS Training School in the buildings of a pre-war sugar refinery, close to good rail links. The Trawniki Jewish Labour Camp and the SS Training Camp history has already been covered on the website, and this article will cover the Trawniki-manner themselves.

One of the Trawniki-manner Dimitriy Korotkikh recalled the training he received at the SS Training Camp:

The SS training camp in which I was trained was situated at the edge of the village of Trawniki, on the territory of a factory, in a few large, brick, single-storey buildings. The German Kommandantur was also housed there in a two-storey building.

The training period in the SS school for Wachmanner was indefinite, it depended on the needs of the guards. These were taken from the camp, regardless of their state of preparedness, but the training period was roughly for about six months. During our stay in the SS guards school, we underwent drilling and shooting training. We studied weapons - the rifle, also the rules of sentry duty. We learned German songs and took special training in sentry and convoy duty.

In the spring of 1942, I do not recall the month, after completing the SS school for Wachmanner, together with a group of selected guards, comprising some 30 men, I was sent to the city of Lublin (Poland) to guard a concentration camp situated at the edge of the city of Lublin. As I learned later, individuals of Jewish nationality had been held there, but by the time of our arrival they had been taken away, where to, I do not know and there were no prisoners left in the camp.

We stayed there for about four days without occupation, then we were taken back to the camp in Trawniki where I stayed until the fall of 1942, and underwent training. After this, I was sent to the village of Treblinka, where there was a camp especially destined for the mass extermination of Jews, and which was called a death camp.

Yegor Lobynstev who arrived in the SS Training Camp Trawniki in the autumn of 1941, recalled:

We were trained in the rules for guarding and escorting prisoners who were held in German concentration camps. During this training the Germans instructed us - or more correctly, beat into our heads on a daily basis - that we were not to give the slightest quarter while guarding and escorting prisoners. We were not to have the slightest contact with prisoners; we were not to give them any water or food and for the slightest 'infractions' we were to shoot them without any warning. The Germans subsequently demanded strict compliance with those requirements from all of the Wachmanner.

Jakob Klimenko described one of the more brutal practices carried out at Trawniki:

When we completed training the Germans ordered each of us to shoot a Jew. They apparently did this in order to be better able to rely on our loyalty to them. A German officer led our platoon into the woods not far from the township of Trawniki. We were sent in groups of ten to stand next to groups of ten Jews. The Jews stood in a single line. We were then each ordered to shoot a Jew. We were required to carry this out. I shot a person on that occasion.

Aleksander Moskalenko also recalled these types of executions at Trawniki:

There was a ghetto-camp next to the Trawniki school. The Wachmanner would bring Jews from other camps to this camp under the pretext that they were needed to perform work. Later they were shot in the course of 'practical training.' The practical training was performed in the following way - a company of Wachmanner would go from the school to a trench. A group of five to fourteen Jews would be brought to them. The latter would be lined up facing the trench with their backs turned to us. After this, the company commander would summon Wachmanner out of formation, the number of whom would equal the number of Jews. After this, he would distribute bullets, one to each Wachmann - and would force them to shoot the Jews in front of the rest of the company. During the period of my training, about fifty people were executed by Wachmanner from our company, and I shot one Jew during the 'practical training.'

Nikolay Shalayev provided a statement about fellow guard Ivan Marchenko on 28 August 1951, in the city of Voronezh:

Ivan Marchenko, from December 1941, until February 1942, was in the SS Training Camp in the town of Trawniki, Poland and trained here in the school for guards. From February of that year as member of the second company 1st platoon of wachman, after completion of training, he left for the city of Lublin, Poland where he escorted the arrested and detained into a ghetto of Jewish persons into some camp.

In May 1942, with a detachment, left Lublin for the Treblinka death camp. In this camp Marchenko remained until July 1943, after which time together with me left for the city of Trieste, Italy, afterwards from there in December 1943, was transferred to the city of Fiume. I was in the city of Trieste, yet I saw Marchenko almost every day, as he stood guard and as a wachmann accompanied German officers during their trips on the highway to Trieste and other cities.

Testimony of Wladyslaw Surowiec on 21 February 1946:

It was in the spring of 1943, soon after the disbandment of the death camp in Belzec and soon after the burning of the corpses - the barracks had already been torn down and the young pine forest planted - that I met once the Ukrainian by the name of Borys - his surname was I believe -Koticzyn.

He made use of my bicycle and to return the favour he invited me for a schnapps. Over schnapps he told me that Wirth, the former commandant of the death camp in Belzec, who at that time had already been transferred to Lublin, and already before his transfer had been promoted to Major, had received a 'million medal.' I was afraid to him what this 'million medal' meant - in my opinion, that must be a medal for the murder of one million people. Borys did not tell me exactly when Wirth had been promoted to Major or had received this medal.

Interrogation Report on 3 May 1961, City of Vinnitsa

Skakodub, Nikolay

Marchenko, Ivan and Shalayev, Nikolai served as head guards in the Treblinka death camp, they were motorists of the 'dushehubka.' Their primary responsibility was herding the condemned into the gas chambers of the 'dushehubka.' and turning on the motor -the gas of which asphyxiated the people. Both of them were distinguished in their brutality.

Fedor Fedorenko, recalled the prisoner revolt at Treblinka on August 2, 1943, at his Denaturalization Hearing in Fort Lauderdale, Florida in 1978:

I was standing guard on the first gate, flames started and shots fired all around. I couldn't understand who was shooting and where the shots were coming from. The Commandant ran out and one or two Germans and we Wachmanner, we dropped to the ground and lay there, and then we saw some people running away and they ordered us to shoot, but this was far away from us.

Richard Glazar provided a description of Boris Rogoza, the Head of the Ukrainian guards at Treblinka:

Staff Sergeant Stadie is standing near the entrance to the camp with some kind of weapon slung over his shoulder. More people from the sorting site are being herded over to the platform. SS officers whipping and kicking some of them until they fall to the ground. The guards, ambitious apprentices that they are, follow suit. Even their commander is present, Chief of guards Rogoza, a boyish red-cheeked boor.


belzec - ukr guards with bikes178

Belzec - Two Trawniki-manner


Alphabetical List of Trawniki- Manner at Belzec Death Camp


ALEKSEJEV, Peter

ANANEV, Yakov

BARTELS, Iwan

BAUMAN, Maks

BENDER, Ivan

BERG

BIALAKOW, Wasyl

BROCEW, Piotr

BUDZIAK

BULJIL, Waslyl

BYCHKOV, Alexsander

DALKE, Heinrich

DYNER

FLEISCH

GADSICKI, Wladimir

GORBACHEV, Mikhail

GRENIUK, Michail

GRUZIN, Wasyl

GUZULAK, Piotr

HAWRYLUCH

HAZDICKI

HUBER, Michal

HULEYT, Vasyl

HUTYT, Wasyl

HUZIJA, Iwan

JADZIOL, Stefan

JAKOVEVITS, Diner

JAWOROW, Fedor

JESCHKE, Adolf

KAISER, Alexsander

KNIGA, Grigorij

KLOTZ, Mitrofan

KOBAWCZENKO

KOLISYN, Borys

KOLONKO, Adolf

KOSTENKO, Kyril

KOTYCHYN, Borys

KOZENDE, Mikolaj

KOZLOWSKI, Iwan

KUCZERCHA, Iwan

KULYCHIN, Wasyl

KUNZ, Samuel

LAZARENKO

LINKIN, Grigorij

LITUS, Petro

LUSSE

MALAGON, Nikolai

MAMCZUR

MATWIJENKO, Nikolai

MAWRODIJ, Anastazij

MOTYGULAN, Sagudula

NESMEJAN, Grigorij

NIKOFOROW, Iwan

OLEJNIK, Taras

OLJIEWSKI

ORLOVSKIJ, Vasily

OSTER, Peter

PAMIN, Franz

PAVLI, Nikolai

PECZENYT, Grygory

PIECZONY, Gregorz

PIETKA, Alexej

PITKONYT

PITNOWY, Genrikh

POCHOLENKO, Michal

PODIENKO, Wasyl

PODIONAK, Wasyl

POHL

POKOLENKO, Michal

POPRAVKA, Sergey

PROCHENKO, Wasyl

PROCHORENKO, Kiryl

PROCHIN, Dymytri

PRUS, Alexander

PRYMAK

PUNDIK,Dimitrij

ROGOSA, Boris

ROHLE, Heinrich

ROSENHOLZ

ROSENKO, Arnold

SABAT, Viktor

SAMUEL

SCHARF

SCHMIDT, Heinrich

SCHMITZ

SCHNEIDER, Friedrich

SCHULTZ, Alexander

SCHUTZ, Heinrich

SIEVERT, Reinhard

SIMIONOW, Alexander

STEINER

STEPANOW, Peter

STETCZENKO

STURM

SYSTOLA, Jakub

SZACHOLIJ, Wasyl

SZPAK, Dimitri

SZPAK, Profiry

SZWAB, Alexander

TICHONOWSKI, Iwan

TIMOSHENKO

TRAUTTWEIN, Karol

TRUBENKO, Wasyl

TWERDOCHLIB, Alexander

VEITH

WANOCHA

WEDRYHAN, Fiodor

WEDRYHAN, Petro

WERDENIK, Ivan

WLASIUK, Edward

WOLOSZYN, Iwan

WONK, Michal

WOWK, Viktor

WYSOTA, Jakub

ZAGREBAJEW

ZAJCZEW, Iwan

ZAPLAWNYJ, Iwan

ZIMBERT

ZUJEW

ZUK, Ignatz


Alphabetical List of Trawniki- Manner at Sobibor Death Camp


kaiser hodl and gomerski in italy

 Aleksy Kaiser,Hodl and Gomerski in Italy


ANTONOV, Wasil

BAIDIN, Ilya

BARANDTIMOV, Sabit

BATARONOV, Aglam

BELYI, Michail

BIALOWAS, Jan

BIELAKOW, B.

BIELINSKI

BILIK, Ivan

BODESSA

BOGUNOV, Dimitrij

BRANDECKI, Felix

BUSINNIJ, Prokofi

CHABIBULIN, Achmed

CHROMENKO, Chariton

DALKE, Heinrich

DANILCHENKO, Ignat

DEMJANJUK, Ivan

DEPTYAREV, Vasili

DIMIDA, Konstantinl

DOMERATZKI, Jakob

DUDA, Wlodzimierz

DUDKO, Michal

DZIRKAL, Karl

ENGELHARD, Jakow

FEDORENKO, Ivan

FLUNT, Miron

FROLOV, Gennardi

GEUSLER

GONCHARENKO, Anatoli

GONCHARENKO, Nikolai

GONCHAROW, Efim

GORDIENKO, Nikolai

GORLOV, Fedor

HETMANIEC, Wasil

HOTOROWICZ, Jan

INDYUKOW, Ivan

ISAENKO, Aleksai

IVCHENKO, Ivan

IWASHENKO, Piotr

JARYNIUK, Ivan

JECHAI, Iosof

JEFIMOV, Wasili

JERMOLDAYEV, Ivan

JUDIN, Nikolai

KABRIOV, Nurgali

KAISER, Aleksy

KAKORACH, Ivan

KARAKASZ, Iwan

KARAS, Pavel

KARIMOV, Fetich

KARPENKO, Alexander

KISILEW, Viktor

KLATT, Ivan

KOSCHEKUK, Piotr

KOSCHEMYKIN, Jakov

KOSZEWADZKI, Volodia

KOSTENKOW, Emil

KOZACZUK, Piotr

KOZLOWSKI, Iwan

KRAWCHENKO, Filip

KRUPA

KRUPINEWICH, Mikolaii

KUDIN, Pavel

KURAKOV, Leonid

KUSEVANOV, Michail

LIBODENKO

LORENZ, Friderich

LYACHOV, Gregorli

LYACHOV, Ivan

MALINOWSKI

MAKARENKO

MARTYNOW, Nikolai

MARTYNOW, Terentij

MASHENKO, Andrei

MATWIEJENKO, M.

MAUER

MEDVEDEV, Nikolai

MIKOLAYENKO, Semion

MORDWINICHEV, Pavel

NABIYEW, Bari

NAGORNYI, Andrej

NIJKO, Wasily

NIKOFOROW, Ivan

OLEXENKO, Anatoli

PANASHUK, Ivan

PANKOV, Anatoli

PANKOW, Vassily

PAWLI, Nikolai

PAULENKO

PICHEROV, Dimitrii

PODIENKO, W.

RAZGONAYEV, Mikhail

RESCHETNIKOW, Michail

REZVERCHY, Igor

RIMKUS, Tadas

RUDENKO, Piotr

RYSCHKOV, Vasily

SABIROV, Chares

SBESNIKOV, Petro

SCHEVCHENKO, Dimitrii

SCHIRPEV, Kamil

SCHREIBER, Klaus

SCHULTZ, Emanuel

SELEZNEV, Mikolaj

SENJONOW

SERGIENKO, Grigorij

SERIK, Dimitrij

SHICHAVIN, Pavel

SHUKOW, Ivan

SIRENKO, Maxim

SIROTENKO, Vladmir

SOKOREV, Semion

SOKUR, Kuzma

SZILPNY, Heinrich

SZULC, Emanuel

TICHONOWSKI, Fedor

TISCHENKO, Ivan

USTINNOKOV, Ivan

VAKUTENKO, Ivan

VASKIN, Kuzma

VOLYNIETS, Efim

WASEM, Yakob

WEDENKO, Fiodor

YASKO, Aleksander

ZABERTNEV, Konstantin

ZAJCEW, J.

ZISCHER, Emil


ivan demjanjuk - israel440


Ivan Demjanjuk in Israel awaiting Trial



Alphabetical List of Trawniki- Manner at Treblinka Death Camp


Chief of the Trawniki-Manner

ROGOZA, Boris

Trawniki-Manner Guards

ANDREYEV

BONDARENKO, Mikolaj

BONDAVE, Peter

BORODIN, Dimitry

CHERNIAVSKY, Volodymir

DIMITRENKO, Piotr

DUSHENKO, Fyodor

FEDORENKO, Fedor

GONCHAROV, Pyotr

GONZURAL, Mikolay

GRIGORCHUK, Pavel

JAWOROW, Fedor

JELENSCHUK, Wasil

KOROTKIKH, Dimitry

KOSTENKO

KULAK, Nikolay

KURINNOY, Ivan

KUZMINSKY, Ananiy

LEBEDENKO, Nikolay

LELEKO,Pavel

LEVCHISHIN, Filip

MAKODA, Nikolay

MALAGON, Nikolay

MANCHUK

MARCHENKO, Ivan

MARTOSZENKO, Moisei

MELNIK, Theodozy

MILUTIN, Alexej

NIDOSRELOW, Mikolaj

ONOPRIJENKO, Daniel

OSYCZANSKI, Mikolaj

PARASCHENKO, Alexander

PARFINYUK, Yevdokim

PAYEVSCHHIK, Nikolay

PILMAN

POLAKOW, Leon

PRITS, Samuel

RITTICH, Alexander

ROBERTUS

RUBEZ, Grigory

RUDENKO, Wasil

RYABEKA, Fyodor

RYABTSEV, Prokofiy

SCHEFFLER, Mikolay

SCHISCHAJEW, Wasil

SCHMIDKIN, Iwan

SCHULTZ, Alexander

SCHULTZ, Emanuel

SENIK, Nikolay

SENYKOW, Mikolay

SHALAYEV, Nikolay

SHEVCHENKO, Ivan

SHVIDKOY, Ivan

SKAKODUB, Nikolay

SKYDAN, Grigoriy

STREBEL, Oswald

TEREKHOV, Ivan

TKACHUK, Ivan

TSCHERNIEWSKY, Wladimir

VASILENKO, Sergey

VOLOSHENKO, Alexander

WASILENKO, Iwan

WOLOSZYN, Wasil

WORONKOW, Vasily

YEGER, Alexander

YELENCHUK, Vasily

ZAVIDENKO, Trofim


WARSAW GHETTO UPRISING -APRIL -MAY 1943



Soldiers from the Trawniki-SS Training Camp were utilised in the crushing of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising during April -May 1943, and details of of those Trawniki-Manner killed in action or wounded during this 'Grossaktion' were listed in the infamous Stroop Report compiled by Jurgen Stroop the SS and Police Leader in the Warsaw District.

00372


SS - Obersturmfuhrer Johann Schwarzenbecher who commanded the Trawniki - Manner in the Warsaw Ghetto Revolt (SS Personal File)


Stroop Report


Foreign Ethnic Units


1 Battalion Trawniki-manner 2 officers/ 335 men


The following fell in the battle to destroy the Jews and bandits in the former Jewish quarter of Warsaw

On 22 April 1943

Guard Willi Stark, born 4 April 1920, Trawniki Training Camp

Guard Borys Odartschenko, born 11 January 1923, Trawniki Training Camp


The following were wounded:

On 19 April 1943

Guard Paul Nestarenko, born 17 August 1919, Trawniki Training Camp

Guard Andrej Dawidenko, born 31 January 1923, Trawniki Training Camp

Guard Michael Minenko, born 11 February 1921, Trawniki Training Camp

Guard Nikolai Huzulak, born 16 March 1923, Trawniki Training Camp

Guard Borys Roschdestwenskyj, born 10 April 1914, Trawniki Training Camp

Guard Andrej Prottschenko, born 1 October 1922,  Trawniki Training Camp

On 20 April 1943

SS Technical Sergeant Sepp Mayowski, born 23 December 1914, Trawniki Training Camp

On 21 April 1943

Guard Iwan Knyhynyzkyj, born 21 July 1923, Trawniki Training Camp

On 23 April 1943

Guard Emil Schmidt, born 2 February 1923, Trawniki Training Camp

On 24 April 1943

Guard Wladimir Usik, born 16 June 1917, Trawniki Training Camp

On 27 April 1943

Unit Guard Jurko Kosatschok, born 3 May 1921, Trawniki Training Camp


trawniki ss -warsaw ghetto uprising

Two Trawniki-manner during the Warsaw Ghetto with murdered Jews


Sources:

Webb,  Chris  & Chocolaty, Michal, The Treblinka Death Camp (Ibidem-Verlag 2014)

Webb,  Chris, The Belzec Death Camp (Ibidem-Verlag 2016)

Webb,  Chris, The Sobibor Death Camp (Ibidem-Verlag 2017)

Glazar, Richard Glazar, Trap with a Green Fence, (Northwestern University Press, Evanston, Illinois 1995)

Black, Peter, Foot Soldiers of the Final Solution: The Trawniki Training Camp and Operation Reinhard, (Holocaust & Genocide Studies, Oxford University Press, Spring 2011)

The Stroop Report , Andrzej Wirth, (Secker and Warburg, London 1979)

Interrogation Reports and Statements - Holocaust Historical Society

Yad Vashem Archive, Israel

Ghetto Fighters House, Israel

Photographs: Regional Museum Tomaszow Lubelski, Ghetto Fighters House, USHMM

Mike Tregenza Archive Lublin, Poland



© Holocaust Historical Society 2018
































































































Soldiers from the Trawniki -SS Training Camp were utilised in the crushing of the Warsaw Ghetto during April and May 1943, and details of those Trawniki-Manner killed or wounded during this 'Grossaktion' were listed in the infamous Stroop Report compiled by Jurgen Stroop the SS and Police Leader in the Warsaw District.